The Quaternary Period and Other Periods - 681 Words

Cambrian: †¢ This period started 540 million years ago and ended 500 million years ago. †¢ There was a very mild climate. The supercontinent Rodinia began to break into smaller parts, or continents. Lots of glaciation occurred so many animal families went extinct. †¢ All phyla develop during this time period. Many marine animals, shell-fish, echinoderms, and some of the earliest fish appear. †¢ Lots of glaciation occurred wiping out many animal families marking the end of the Cambrian period. Ordovician: †¢ This period started 505 million years ago and ended 438 million years ago. †¢ Many primitive plants appeared on land and some of the first corals. Primitive fish and fungi also make an appearance. High sea levels occur at fist but lower as global cooling, glaciation and volcanism increase. †¢ Plants, fungi and primitive fish are on land during this time period. †¢ Glaciation marked the end of the Ordovician period. Silurian: †¢ This period started 438 million years ago and ended 408 million years ago. †¢ The first vascular plants appear on land (plants with water-conducting tissue). High seas spread worldwide, brachiopods, crinoids and corals also make an appearance. †¢ The first fish with jaws appeared during this time period along with insects, centipedes and millipedes. †¢ Glaciation marked the end of the Silurian period. Devonian: †¢ This period started 410 million years ago and ended 360 million years ago. †¢ Swampy forests on land and fish and landShow MoreRelatedEssay On The Antibacterial Effects Of Microorganisms924 Words   |  4 PagesThe main for the purpose of this study was to find out about the tolerance of Listeria monocytogenes towards quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC). The antibacterial effects of disinfectants are crucial for the control of Listeria monocytogenes in food processing environments. Tolerance of L. monocytogenes to sub lethal levels of disinfectants based on QAC is conferred by the resistant determinants qacH and bcrABC. The QAC based disinfectants which are in common use in many food industries are foundRead MoreThe Effects Of Using Biological Evidence For Environmental Reconstruction Of The Climate During The Quaternary Period Essay2034 Words   |  9 Pagesevidence for environmental reconstruction of the climate in the Quaternary period. Introduction The Quaternary period refers to our current geological time period, it spans over two epochs, the Pleistocene and Holocene, during this geological period, the world has experience incredible climatic changes that have shaped the world we live in today. The Quaternary period has been characterised by numerous periods of glaciation, due to these periods of glaciation there were fluctuating changes in climate andRead MoreThe Appearance Of Homo Sapiens And The Disappearance Of Various Species Of Large Mammals1514 Words   |  7 Pagesdisappearance of various species of large mammals† –these words, I believe, demonstrate the theme of Paul S. Martin’s famed hypothesis. Martin’s theory, also known as the Overkill hypothesis, considers that humans were the sole contributors to the Late Quaternary extinction of megafauna that happened in the last 50,000 years in various continents, mainly in the Americas and Australia. According to Martin, as humans started coloniz ing new areas of the world, they introduced predators, competitors and diseaseRead MoreGlobal Warming: Human Activity vs. Natural Cycles1067 Words   |  5 Pagesto Heat Up Despite Clean Energy Efforts† that any prospect of reversing the continuing increase in the use of coal depended mostly in China, the world’s biggest energy consumer, which burns as much coal every year as the rest of the world combined. Other fossil fuels currently being used in the United States include natural gas, oil, petroleum, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPD). The cycle of the greenhouse effect begins when these greenhouse gases are emitted into the atmosphere. They then form a layerRead MoreBiochemistry of Proteins; Isolation of Ovalbumin and Enumeration of Thiol Groups1652 Words   |  7 Pagesestablish the number of thiol groups in Ovalbumin. This was done so by isolating and purifying ovalbumin protein from a standard egg-white preparation. This is useful in deducing the number of disul phide bonds it contains and therefore the tertiary/quaternary structure of the protein. Method A sample of ovalbumin was purified from an egg-white standard preparation and the number of thiol groups per protein molecule determined. This was achieved by precipitating the ovalbumin out of the egg-whiteRead MoreSummary and Critique1611 Words   |  4 PagesSouth America. Paul Martin of the University of Arizona and others see a subsequent and spontaneous connection between the presence of people and the vanishing of numerous species of large mammals. According to the overkill hypothesis, the spread of humanity correlates to the extinction of mammals at the same precise location they migrated to. The humans got to be big game hunters focusing on mammoths, giant bison, ground sloths, and other species of large size. They supposedly chased many speciesRead MoreGlobalization Healthcare1618 Words   |  7 PagesHealth Care Name: Institution: Healthcare ( (or human services) is the finding, treatment, and avoidance of malady, disease, harm, and other physical and mental weaknesses in individuals. Access to health awareness shifts crosswise over nations, gatherings, and people impacted by social and monetary conditions and, in addition, the wellbeing strategies set up. Nations and wards have distinctive policies and plans in connection with the individual and populace based socialRead MoreThe Issue Of Climate Change1321 Words   |  6 Pagesthat Milankovitch cycles control the pace of Quaternary ice ages... with the 100- [kilo year] eccentricity cycle dominant in early Quaternary...† and that Milankovitch cycles produce variations in the amount of solar radiation received by the earth and the latitudinal and seasonal distribution of this radiation... (12). These cycles act, as stated, on a very large time period and are near impossible to observe on human time scales, unlike some other natural influences to climat e. Unlike MilankovitchRead MoreEnzyme Catalysis Lab1186 Words   |  5 Pagesof methods for performing catalysis. Some provide a micro environment within the active site where some of the side chains are H+ or OH- donors or receivers. Other enzymes work by bringing together substrates that would not normally meet outside the enzyme, or orienting them in a manner in which they would otherwise not occur. Still other enzymes stress the bonds of substrate molecules in order to make them easier to break; some take this a step further by actually forming temporary covalentRead MoreBio Frq1509 Words   |  7 Pagesthe beta sheet, which in turn determines its secondary, tertiary, or quaternary structure. Another type of bonds, the covalent bond, links amino acids together by sharing electrons; this bond is critical to proteins in that it determines the amino acid sequence, and the primary structure of the peptide chain. Lastly, the ionic bond, it is a charged R group that determines whether the protein structure would be tertiary, or quaternary. (b) Discuss how the structure of a protein affects the function

United States Should Adapt Tobacco Free Policies On Their...

Did you know, smoking causes more than† 440,000 deaths† per year? (â€Å"Effects of Tobacco† 1). That is an overwhelming number of deaths that could be prevented if only the individuals did not use tobacco. As of 2008, East Tennessee State University has adopted a tobacco-free policy for not only the safety of students, but their overall mental and physical health as well. That policy has been increasing on college campuses at a nationwide level. As of 2009, the American College Health Association adopted a position statement on a no tobacco use policy that encourages colleges and universities to become 100% tobacco free. As you can assume this has caused major debates on whether these policies should be established or not. In our current society, because of the policy many schools have chosen to be a part of that movement. There are 1,713 smoke free campuses and 1,427 100% tobacco free campuses in the United States. These numbers are substantial. There are many r easons that campuses should adapt tobacco-free policies on their university school grounds. Tobacco should be banned from ETSU, and other college campuses because it is a health hazard to the smokers and bystanders, it encourages individuals to stop smoking or never to start, and it makes the transition from school to the career field much easier. East Tennessee State University should continue to be tobacco-free, because tobacco has an overwhelming effect on all individuals’ health. Smokers of tobacco harm their bodyShow MoreRelatedMarketing Case Study4206 Words   |  17 Pagesmade. They reï ¬â€šect what is considered important and what a company wants to achieve. Mark Pastin, writing on the function of ethics in business decisions, observes: There are fundamental principles, or ground rules, by which organizations act. Like the ground rules of individuals, organizational ground rules determine which actions are possible for the organization and what the actions mean. 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Drug abuse problems: losing ground . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lack of productive employment and impact on the workplace . . . . . . . . . . . Implications of rural and urban poverty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MarginalizationRead MoreBrazil: Leading the Brics10523 Words   |  43 Pagesof investment delays, especially in the energy sector, because of the frequency of disputes around infrastructure projects. Recommendations The government should increase the tax on loans taken by banks and companies abroad to prevent the appreciation of the real in the short-run and increase exports. The current policy combination of exchange-rate flexibility that followed the abandonment of the peg in January 1999 with an inflation target is still the best choice. 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Far from a policy of precaution vis-à  -vis these new technologies, products are entering the market without regulation to guarantee their safety or labels to inform of their use, researcher Guillermo Foladori of the public Autonomous University of Zacatecas told Tierramà ©rica. Foladori and his colleague Noela Invernizzi are the co-authors of a new report, Implicaciones socialesRead MoreOrganic Food8071 Words   |  33 Pagesimprove all agriculture in a global context. The Principles of Organic Agriculture serve to inspire the organic movement in its full diversity and guide our development of positions, programs and standards. Principle of Health Organic Agriculture should sustain and enhance the health of soil, plant, animal, human and planet as one and indivisible. 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Software Piracy Problem Free Essays

Software piracy is a rising problem not only in the United States, but around the world. In 1993 worldwide software piracy cost 12. 5 billion dollars to the software industry, with a loss of 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Software Piracy Problem or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2 billion dollars in the United States alone. Estimates show that over 40 percent of U. S. software company revenues are generated overseas, yet nearly 85 percent of the software industry’s piracy losses occurred outside of the United States borders. The Software Publishers Association indicated that approximately 35 percent of the business software in the United States were obtained illegally, which 30 percent of the piracy occurs in corporate settings. In a corporate setting or business, every computer must have its own set of original software and the appropriate number of manuals. It is illegal for a corporation or business to purchase a single set of original software and than load that software onto more than one computer, or lend, copy or distribute software for any reason without the prior written consent of the software manufacturer. Many software managers are concerned with the legal compliance, along with asset management and costs at their organizations. Many firms involve their legal departments and human resources in regards to software distribution and licensing. In 1974, Congress created the Natural Commission on New Technological Uses (CONTU) to investigate whether the evolving computer technology field outpaced the existing copyright laws and also to determine the extent of copyright protection for computer programs. CONTU concluded that while copyright protection should extend beyond the literal source code of a computer program, evolving case law should determine the extent of protection. The commission also felt that copyright was the best alternative among existing intellectual property protective mechanisms, and CONTU rejected trade secret and patents as viable protective mechanisms. The CONTU report resulted in the 1980 Computer Software Act, and the report acts as informal legislative history to aid the courts in interpreting the Act. In 1980 The Copyright Act was amended to explicitly include computer programs. Title 17 to the United States Code states that it is illegal to make or to distribute copies of copyrighted material without authorization, except for the users right to make a single backup copy for archival purposes. Any written material (including computer programs) fixed in a tangible form is considered copyrighted without any additional action on the part of the author. Therefore, it is not necessary that a copy of the software program be deposited with the Copyright Office in Washington, D. C. for the program to be protected as copyrighted. With that in mind then a copyright is a property right only. In order to prevent anyone from selling your software programs, you must ask a federal court to stop that person by an injunction and to give you damages for the injury they have done to you by selling the program. How to cite Software Piracy Problem, Essay examples

National Stadium Japan

Question: Discuss about the National Stadium Japan. Answer: Introduction National stadium turned into a multi-cause stadium in Tokyo, Japan. The grounds assisted as the primary grounds for the inaugural and final rituals, in addition to being the setting for tune then discipline events in the summer period of 1964 Olympic games. The Japanese National Football group's domestic fits and fundamental soccer club cup finals have been performed at the arena. The stadium's authentic potential was 58,270, however the actual volume was best 49,000 stalls (Catani et al, 2011). Demolition was finished in May 2015, and the spot might be renovated with an innovative large-potential general Olympic arena. The state-of-the-art stadium is about to be the primary venue for the 2020 summer time Olympics and Paralympic games. The original plans for the brand-new stadium have been scrapped in July 2015 with the aid of eastern top minister, who introduced a rebid after a public outcry due to accelerated building fees. As an end result, the brand-new design will now not be equipped for the 2019 Rugby Global Cup, as in the beginning meant. A brand-new design turned into selected in December 2015 to update the authentic layout and is to be finished in November 2019. The National Stadium is the intended home of the Olympics in 2020 and is being rebuilt changing the essential structure from 1924. The development was 5 years lengthier than at initially surveyed and expenses were more than twofold beginning appraisals. The arena utilizes an inventive steel twist that consolidates exquisite interest, however meanwhile is load bearing and limits the need for the inner bolster that could have blocked perspectives inside the stadium. Thusly, the curve updates the method for the seating. The design wasn't absolutely a novel as the Sydney Opera House or Guggenheim Bilbao yet, regardless, combined a design part in the twist that was brilliant, making best practice structures. This nonappearance of credible perspective is every now and again a notice wrong project organizing (Dennis, 2014). Timelines and Delays in Project Management The curve usage was tricky, at last, the sub-temporary worker for the curve was supplanted halfway through the project, and the postponement brought about additional issues. It creates the impression that the essential issue was trying a stadium design the use of a shop bearing bend that became novel and untested in past stadium designs. That is general of initiatives which can be pointlessly progressive and is one cause that the Denver airport bags machine fizzled. Initiatives with prescribed spending recreation plans and guides of activities aren't the location to be trying problematic procedures. In any event, not in case you're seeking after a tenable starting appraisal of to what extent the project will take. After the main postponements, the support and contractual worker turned out to be less ready to lead work in parallel because of doubt of culmination days, this could have increase the time to a couple of weeks to finish, yet with regards to years of deferral doesn't have all the earmarks of being an essential element. It is intriguing however that on postponed projects, additionally deferrals can act naturally satisfying as trust in a basic way reduces. There were some degree changes, however, once more, it creates the impression that the structure of the curve (some portion of the underlying strategy) was a major figure the postponement. Not at all like different projects, for example, the Virtual Case File by the FBI where changes to the scope was a significant patron to suspension (Dennis, 2014). In a general sense, while endeavoring a special work thing, for instance, an innovative weight tolerating steel bend as a central bit of a stadium, it is not easy to gauge the overall charges and length of time with accuracy. Allowing the work by methods for an offering system with a settled esteem contract heightens this issue in light of the way that the triumphant offer will most likely reprimand the required work due to the victors abuse. In addition, it shows up information stream could have been upgraded this project if junior specialists thought about potential deferments and senior management was not, information was clearly not being shared suitably. The Project Management Institute (PMI) characterizes project management as the specialty of organizing and arranging human and material resources for the term of the life of a project by using current management frameworks to finish fated focuses of expansion, participating objectives, time, cost, and quality. By virtue of construction project management, an eager understudy/project director can essentially take PMI's definition and place it into a construction setting for a meaning of a construction project chief (PMI, 2010). Construction project management incorporates the masterminding, coordination, and control over various assignments required in construction projects. This could join particular sorts of construction projects, as agrarian, private, business, institutional, present day, generous normal, and regular. Construction project administrators help ensure the project is taking after along to orchestrate. They manage the project so it finishes on time and on the spending arrangement, and that their gathering completes it as demonstrated by construction controls, game plans, and specs. Diverse limits can fuse deciding the degree, spending arrangement, and timetables, picking subcontractors and experts, developing a correspondence framework for settling conflicts, and the sky is the limit from that point (Wallace, 2013). Once the design stage has been finished, the construction project supervisor will allow temporary workers to a project through an offering procedure. Contractual workers are picked utilizing one of three basic strategies: low-offer determination, best-esteem choice, or capabilities based choice. The project proprietor will share project data to a huge gathering of contractual workers, general temporary workers or subcontractors to request offers (PMI (2010). The procedure begins with a cost evaluate from plans and material departures, telling the proprietor how much cash he or she ought to hope to pay all together for the temporary worker to finish the project. As soon as the contributing system is done, the construction stage can begin. In spite of the way that the times of a construction project are special in connection to standard project management, in any case they join and take after an extensive parcel of comparable models. The Necessary Steps for a Successful Project Around the begin of the project, you ought to make and evaluate the business case in order to make sense of whether the project if achievable and if it should be endeavored. Accomplices do their due inventiveness and reasonableness testing may happen if fundamental. In case all social occasions progress with the project, a project contract or project begin document (PID) is made, including the business needs and business case. Next, the project aggregate develops a guide for everyone to take after. In the midst of this stage, the project head makes the project management organize (PMP), a formal, supported answer to guide execution and control. The PMP furthermore records degree, cost, and date-book baselines. Diverse records consolidated into the orchestrating stage fuse a quick and dirty Gantt layout. This is the time when the work begins. After an initiate meeting, the project assemble begins to allocate resources, execute project management masterminds, set up taking after structures, execute assignments, revive the project arrange, and change the project organize. This last stage addresses project wrapping up. Project executives now and again hold an after-death meeting to evaluate what went well in the project and perceive disillusionments. By then, the gathering makes a project punch summary of any assignments that didn't get master, drafts an extreme spending arrangement, and creates a project description. Individuals entering the field of construction management ought to invest energy in the employment site watching the work being done and soliciting parts from inquiries (Khan, 2017). It's essential that section level construction management (CM) comprehend the many field components, for example, climate, site conditions, restricted laydown space, movement blockage, and so forth that can affect cost, plan, quality, wellbeing, and the other project factors that CMs are in charge of overseeing. Khan (2017) concurs that this is the main phase of a construction project and once it is finished, it flags the start of the offering procedure. In design, offer, the form gets, the proprietor picks a contractual worker in view of finished designs. In this stage, a modeler or designer first evaluates the achievability of the design in light of directions and codes of the working, and the number of rooms, the measure of the building, and the measure of space. At that point, he or she makes schematic designs, or portrays, investigating the sort of hardware and materials required and their cost. The offering procedure is over and the proprietor has picked a temporary worker. The temporary worker is then combined with the project group, including an agreement director, project chief, field designer, and administrator. At that point, the group prepares the site for construction. They lead a site examination, test soil, and distinguish any conceivable sudden circumstances, as ecological issues. The project group buys the required hardware, materials, and work. At the end of the day, the acquirement stage is the point at which the group purchases all that they have to finish the project. The multifaceted nature of this stage relies on upon the measure of the project and the organization. Huge, national construction organizations ordinarily have obtainment divisions that buy work and materials for many projects immediately. Then again, for littler projects, the administrator may purchase little amounts of materials from nearby building supplies or contract a neighborhood worker (Nokes, 2011). To commence the construction stage, the administrator will orchestrate a pre-construction meeting with the subcontractors and material merchants to set the guidelines for cooperating. At that point, the group must prepare to begin construction, finishing exercises like setting up brief storerooms, securing the site, building up materials and taking care of plan, setting up wellbeing projects, and that's only the tip of the iceberg. From that point onward, the group starts construction. When construction is finished, the charging stage creatures. There are two sections to the dispatching procedure. To begin with, the project group must test the frameworks and hardware to ensure everything is working accurately before turning over the working to the proprietor. At that point, the group must prepare the proprietor's workforce in the operation and support of the frameworks in the new building (Smith, 2017). At the point when the proprietor moves into the new building, a guarantee period creatures. This guarantees every one of the materials, gear, and building quality meet the desires incorporated into the agreement. There are two sorts of guarantees: express guarantees (composed and incorporated into the agreement) and inferred guarantees (set up or required by law). This last stage takes care of any potential issues. The group formally finishes any staying legally binding commitments to complete the project. They may make a project punch rundown of any assignments that didn't get proficient and may lead a post-project survey, record lessons learned, file project archives, or set up a project fruition report (Nokes, 2011). Ensuring the Clarity of Announcements The awful news is similarly as vital as uplifting news. Ensuring all partners in the project know about what is going on at work will limit the telephone calls, messages, and phone calls amidst attempting to settle or recuperate from an issue nearby. The construction business is amidst change - cost, project conveyance frameworks, innovation, socioeconomics, and, maybe most critical, manageability ("green") desires, are all affecting how projects are designed, manufactured, overseen, and financed. Fruitful CMs are agile and educated and comprehend the ramifications of these many changes. The old method for doing things is vanishing; staying up with the latest on everything from principles and codes, to construction practices, to collective project conveyance and more will be required. In construction management, the more individuals plan the more fortunate they get and the more fruitful the project gets to be (Paul, 2015). Arranging starts before beginning the project, including; choosing the best construction approaches, setting up the construction plan/program and sorting out assets. It likewise includes day by day and week after week arranging through the term of the project to guarantee all errands are finished. Construction is about cooperation and great correspondence is fundamental for each project director. He/she needs to speak with the group, subcontractors, providers, customer, designers, nearby specialists and here and there neighbors and individuals from the general population. Never quit considering or dissecting all that you find in a project. Never underestimate anything. The construction management calling requests finish consideration, incredible duty and fantastic learning and examination aptitudes. Experience the project in its everyday and alw ays remember to plan for the unforeseen. Concluding Remarks Additional construction resources through numerous partners, many subtle elements, and many reports, construction projects can be mind boggling and hard to oversee. Be that as it may, the way to being fruitful is to never quit learning, to remain sorted out, and to convey every now and again and plainly. Project Management unites the commitments of a routine project boss with the capacities and authority of the construction business. Since construction projects are constantly changing, a productive construction project chief needs a broad assortment of aptitudes and abilities to regulate distinctive gatherings and projects. Fruitful construction project supervisors ought to have an extensive variety of aptitudes and capacities to help them oversee assorted groups and projects. A strong training is an awesome place to begin and absolutely sets you up for the construction business. Be that as it may, there is not a viable alternative for genuine living, hands-on work understanding. References Catani, G., Ferriani, S., Frederiksen, L. and Florian, T. (2011) Project-Based Organizing and Strategic Management, Advances in Strategic Management, Vol 28, Emerald Dennis Lock (2014) Project Management (9th ed.) Gower Publishing, Ltd. Joseph J. Phillips (2013) PMP Project Management Professional Study Guide. McGraw-Hill Professional, p. 354. Khan G. (2017) Beginner's Guide to Construction Project Management. Retrieved on March 13, 2017, from https://www.smartsheet.com/construction-project-management-101. Nokes, S. (2011) The Definitive Guide to Project Management 2nd Ed. London, Financial Times /Prentice Hall Paul C. Dinsmore (2015) The right projects done right! John Wiley and Sons. PMI (2010). A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge p. 27-35 Smith M. (2017) Project Failure Wembley Stadium | Strategic PPM. Retrieved on March 13, 2017, from https://strategicppm.wordpress.com/2011/01/17/project-failure-wembley-stadium/. Wallace D. (2013) What is Project Management? Project Management Institute. Retrieved 2017-03-13.